Verbal map
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Type-by-type strategies
Sentence Completion
Find the signal first: although / however / despite ⇒ contrast; because / therefore / since ⇒ cause-effect. Predict the missing meaning before scanning answer choices.
Analogy
State the relationship in one short sentence ("X is the tool of Y", "X is the cause of Y"). Test that exact sentence against every option — surface topic similarity is a trap.
Reading Comprehension
Read the question stem before the passage. For "main idea" questions, the answer paraphrases — not quotes. For "inference", stay close to the text; do not import outside knowledge.
Contextual Text Error
Re-read the passage with each highlighted word covered. The misfit will read as "almost right" — its register, tone, or causal direction will be subtly off.
Odd One Out (paper only)
Three of the four words share a feature; one breaks it. Categories tested most often: word class, register (formal/informal), root meaning, function (tool vs. product).